The main symptom of eczema is redness of the skin. Depending on the clinical picture of eczema, the following forms of the disease are distinguished:
True.
This rash without clear boundaries, which changes after each recurrence of the disease, spreads throughout the body, followed by fever.
Symmetrical.
During the period of exacerbation, a small rash appears on the skin in the form of red bubbles, resembling bubbles when boiling water. Later yellowish erosions are formed. Eczema is often complicated by the appearance of abscesses caused by infection with erosions.
Seborrheic.
The first manifestations of the disease occur on the scalp, then the rash appears in areas where the largest number of sebaceous glands – in the chest, neck, shoulders, elbows and knees, behind the ears. The skin becomes red, swollen, yellowish-pink nodules and oily yellowish scales appear.
Microbial.
An important role in the development of the disease is played by the skin barrier, which normally prevents the penetration of bacteria into the body. In violation of its integrity, in particular due to severe itching and scratching, microbes cause foci of infectious inflammation. They are often localized around purulent wounds and in places of prolonged pyoderma, have an irregular shape and asymmetrical location, clearly demarcated. Purulent and serous crusts may be found in the center.
Coin-like.
It is characterized by clearly separated plaques up to 3 cm in diameter, consisting of various nodules, vesicles and crusts. In such forms, the density of the rash decreases in the central part. In the chronic course, the affected areas become dry, flaky, and the skin thickens.
Sycosiform.
This form occurs in vulgar sycosis – inflammation of hair follicles caused by staphylococcus. The rash can be found not only on the scalp, but also on the upper lip, chin and pubis, in the armpits. Also, this form is characterized by the appearance of intense itching.
Nipple eczema.
Appears during breastfeeding due to nipple injuries and infection. Characterized by symmetrical lesions with the formation of areas of redness on the skin, in some cases cracks and vesicles.
Children’s eczema.
In children, eczema most often occurs in areas such as the face, chest, chin, buttocks. The first signs of the disease can be seen 3-6 months after birth. Affected areas are symmetrical, the skin becomes bright red, swollen, hot to the touch, has a smooth surface or flaky crusts.
Antihistamines, moisturizers, corticosteroids (Dermol), immunosuppressants (such as Elidel) and others are used to treat eczema.
Dermol (Clobetasol Propionate) is a topical corticosteroid used to treat inflammatory skin conditions such as eczema or psoriasis. The medication operates by preventing the release of enzymes that cause the swelling and irritation associated with these conditions.
Elidel (Pimecrolimus) is a topical immunosuppressant prescribed to treat patients with eczema. It operates by weakening the immune system to slow the growth of excess skin which causes the symptoms of irritation, itchiness, and redness associated with this condition.
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